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Research And Application of Intelligent Composite Materials

Views: 0     Author: Site Editor     Publish Time: 2024-07-15      Origin: Site

Smart composite materials are usually in the molding process, the sensing material, the actuating material is tightly integrated into the prepreg lay-up, wet sheet lay-up, fiber lay-up, fiber winding and resin transfer molding (RTM) composite materials, and through the integrated controller, the composite material is subjected to mechanical load at the same time, It can monitor structural health, self-adaptation, self-healing, shape memory, and realize the intelligence of composite materials. Due to the strong designability of composite materials, and the same manufacturing method of intelligent structure and advanced composite materials, the composite components that have been (or will be) used in aerospace and other structures can be intelligently processed according to the needs of actual applications, which can fundamentally solve the more difficult problems of composite components in their structural operation. Such as vibration, stress concentration, etc.

Research and application of intelligent composite materials

Smart composite materials are usually in the molding process, the sensing material, the actuating material is tightly integrated into the prepreg lay-up, wet sheet lay-up, fiber lay-up, fiber winding and resin transfer molding (RTM) composite materials, and through the integrated controller, the composite material is subjected to mechanical load at the same time, It can monitor structural health, self-adaptation, self-healing, shape memory, and realize the intelligence of composite materials. Due to the strong designability of composite materials, and the same manufacturing method of intelligent structure and advanced composite materials, the composite components that have been (or will be) used in aerospace and other structures can be intelligently processed according to the needs of actual applications, which can fundamentally solve the more difficult problems of composite components in their structural operation. Such as vibration, stress concentration, etc.

Shape memory alloy fiber reinforced intelligent composite material

Shape memory alloy material (SMA) is a kind of functional metal material, which is implanted in different kinds of matrix materials in the form of particles, fibers, bands and sheets, so as to improve the overall strength, fracture toughness and impact resistance of the composite material, such materials are called shape memory alloy composite materials.

Shape memory alloys have been widely used in aerospace, transportation, Marine structures and biomedicine because of their unique shape memory effect and good superelastic properties.

The unique properties of shape memory composites are particularly suitable for aerospace structures, because they combine structural components and extension mechanisms in one place, and the development process can be achieved by heating, without the need for motors, bearings, position sensors, and complex electronic control devices and software.

■ Optical fiber intelligent composite material

Optical fiber intelligent composite material is a kind of intelligent material structure which is studied more at home and abroad. It integrates optical fiber sensor and driver as well as related signal processor and control circuit in the composite material structure, which is stimulated and controlled by machine, light, electricity and heat.

Not only has the ability to bear the load, but also has a variety of functions such as identification, analysis, processing and control, and can carry out data transmission and a variety of parameters detection; Moreover, it can actively change the stress distribution, strength, stiffness, shape, electromagnetic field, optical properties and other functions in the material. Thus, the structural material itself has the ability of self-diagnosis, self-adaptation, self-learning, self-repair, self-multiplication and self-attenuation.

■ Thermoelectric composite material

The preparation of thermoelectric composites is to optimize the performance of traditional thermoelectric materials and develop new high-performance thermoelectric materials by artificially designing and introducing a second phase into the base material to control the microstructure.

■ Piezoelectric intelligent composite material

The piezoelectric intelligent structure uses the subelectric effect of piezoelectric materials to make the structure have the ability of sensing and driving. Piezoelectric smart materials can quickly transform pressure and vibration into electrical signals, or transform electrical signals into vibration signals, that is to say, piezoelectric elements can be used as both sensors and drivers, achieving the unity of sensing elements and action elements. This structure has the characteristics of fast response, self-diagnosis and self-repair, especially in vibration reduction and noise control, realizing partial vibration suppression, and has important application prospects in aerospace field.

Research and development at home and abroad

Some Western countries led by the United States have developed large intelligent composite components, and are conducting simulation testing and verification. For example, adaptive wings made of intelligent structures. Research shows that using magnetostrictive actuators in the wing structure can reduce the wing drag by 85%. A new project developed jointly by Boeing and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, by embedding smart fibers in the blade, electrofluidic variants can make the blade twist deformation up to several degrees. Intelligent structure monitoring technology can also measure the strain, temperature and crack inside the composite component in real time, detect its fatigue and damage, so as to realize the structure monitoring and life prediction. For example, optical fiber smart materials and structures are used for condition monitoring and damage estimation of composite materials, that is, optical fiber sensors or their arrays are embedded in key parts of the material or structure for real-time lifetime monitoring, damage assessment and life prediction. A Japanese company has used piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) actuators /FBG sensors to achieve damage monitoring of advanced composite structures for a new generation of spacecraft. In addition, the development of multi-material 3D printing has further promoted the manufacture of smart composite structures. The number of research groups is increasing, mostly to aerospace and national defense applications as the intelligent composite material is an interdisciplinary, cross-industry new technology field, so not only the need for material experts, but also the need for chemistry, physics, system control and many other aspects of the talent, so engaged in this area of interdisciplinary comprehensive academic groups have emerged rapidly. The national defense department and aerospace system attach great importance to the research in this field. The United States Department of Defense, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Air Force and the research departments of major aircraft manufacturing companies, as well as Japan, Britain and other countries have developed and proposed their own complete development plans. Although smart materials are developing rapidly, they are still an immature field, and many concepts are not yet recognized or unified, so basic research should be greatly strengthened. Due to the clear application objectives, especially the urgent military needs, the research and manufacturing of components have been mounted, and are developing towards intelligent integration, sensing, action and control system miniaturization.


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